In a landmark hearing on Wednesday, the Supreme Court of India raised serious concerns over the growing trend of political parties announcing “freebies” ahead of elections. The apex court questioned whether such practices were fostering national development or creating a dependency culture.
Are Freebies Creating a Class of Parasites?
A bench of Justices B.R. Gavai and Augustine George Masih expressed apprehension over the practice of distributing pre-election freebies. The court remarked, “Rather than promoting them to be a part of the mainstream of society by contributing to the development of the nation, are we not creating a class of parasites?”
Justice Gavai further noted, “Unfortunately, because of these freebies, which are declared just before elections, like ‘Ladki Bahin’ and other schemes, people are not willing to work.”
Debate Over Free Rations and Shelter for the Homeless
The Supreme Court was hearing a case concerning the right to shelter for homeless individuals in urban areas. The bench questioned whether distributing free rations and financial aid without employment obligations was discouraging people from seeking work.
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Advocate Prashant Bhushan, representing one of the petitioners, countered the argument, stating that most citizens would prefer to work if given proper employment opportunities.
However, Justice Gavai pointed out that “because of the freebies announced before elections in Maharashtra, agriculturists are struggling to find labourers.”
Government’s Response and Upcoming Urban Poverty Alleviation Mission
Attorney General R. Venkataramani informed the court that the central government is finalizing an Urban Poverty Alleviation Mission to address homelessness, urban poverty, and other related issues. The Supreme Court directed the Centre to provide a timeline for the scheme’s implementation and compile state-wise data on homelessness and shelter availability.
The court also asked if the Union government would continue with the National Urban Livelihoods Mission (NULM) until the new scheme is implemented.
Controversy Over Political Promises and Election Incentives
One of the petitioners argued that the plight of the homeless is often ignored, as it does not rank high on political priorities. However, the court was visibly irked when allegations were made that authorities favour the wealthy over the poor.
Justice Gavai strongly refuted this, stating, “Don’t make a Ramlila Maidan speech in this courtroom. Do not turn this into a political battleground.” He further added that painting a picture of governmental apathy towards the poor was “not in good taste.”
Data on Homelessness and Shelter Shortages
Prashant Bhushan presented statistics indicating a significant gap in shelter facilities across India. According to a December 4, 2024 report, a total of 2,557 shelters were sanctioned across states and union territories. As many as 1,995 shelter homes were functional, providing accommodation to 1.16 lakh individuals.
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Delhi alone has approximately 3 lakh urban homeless, but the Delhi Urban Shelter Improvement Board (DUSIB) has a total shelter capacity of 17,000 persons. Of these, only 5,900 shelter homes offer beds.
The Supreme Court has now directed the Centre to verify the accuracy of these figures and provide an update within six weeks.
Balancing Welfare and Economic Responsibility
The debate over pre-election freebies has been a longstanding issue in India. While political parties argue that such schemes uplift marginalized communities, critics maintain that they foster dependency rather than empowerment. The Supreme Court’s strong remarks signal the need for a balanced approach—ensuring welfare while promoting economic participation.
The case will be heard again in six weeks, with the Centre expected to submit a detailed report on the status of shelter facilities and future policy directions.
