Since early June 2024, Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) has surged among children under 15 in Gujarat. As of July 31, 2024, a total of 148 AES cases have been reported across several states, with 140 from 24 districts in Gujarat, four from Madhya Pradesh, three from Rajasthan, and one from Maharashtra. Tragically, 59 of these cases have resulted in deaths. Chandipura virus (CHPV) has been confirmed in 51 instances.
On Thursday, a high-level review of the situation was conducted by the Director General of Health Services (DGHS), Director of the National Center for Disease Control (NCDC), and the Director General of the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR).
Key health officials from Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, and Gujarat, along with members of the National Joint Outbreak Response Team (NJORT) and experts from various health agencies, participated in the review meeting.
Declining Trend and Public Health Measures
Since July 19, 2024, a declining trend in daily reported AES cases has been observed in Gujarat. The state has implemented several public health measures to combat the outbreak, including insecticidal spraying for vector control, public education campaigns, training of medical personnel, and ensuring timely referral of cases to designated healthcare facilities.
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To further support Gujarat, the NJORT has been deployed to assist with public health measures and conduct a detailed epidemiological investigation. Additionally, a joint advisory from NCDC and NCVBDC is being issued to neighboring states that are reporting AES cases.
What is Chandipura Virus
The Chandipura virus, a member of the Rhabdoviridae family, is known to cause sporadic cases and outbreaks in western, central, and southern India, especially during the monsoon season. The virus is transmitted by vectors such as sand flies and ticks. Preventative measures include vector control, maintaining hygiene, and raising awareness.
The Chandipura virus primarily affects children under 15, and the symptoms are a febrile illness that can progress to convulsions, coma, and in some cases, death. While there is no specific treatment for CHPV, symptomatic management and timely referral to healthcare facilities can improve outcomes.